MCOLES State Licensing Practice Exam

How should a heat exhaustion victim be treated?

1. Keeping them cool

2. Encouraging them to exercise

3. Providing them with caffeine

4. Using hot packs

The correct answer is: Keeping them cool

Treating a victim of heat exhaustion primarily involves keeping them cool. Heat exhaustion occurs when the body loses excessive amounts of water and salt, typically through prolonged exposure to high temperatures and strenuous activity. The symptoms can include heavy sweating, weakness, dizziness, and nausea. To effectively manage heat exhaustion, it is crucial to lower the victim's body temperature, which can be achieved through various cooling methods. Removing the individual from any hot environment, applying cool, wet cloths or towels to their skin, or placing them in a cool area (preferably with air conditioning or a fan) can significantly help. Additionally, providing small sips of cool water or an electrolyte drink can aid in recovery, as it replenishes fluids and salts lost. The other options provided for treatment do not align with the necessary care for heat exhaustion. Encouraging exercise would exacerbate the issue and increase the risk of further heat-related illnesses. Caffeine can be dehydrating and is not recommended, as it may worsen the condition. Using hot packs would be counterproductive as they would raise the body's temperature instead of lowering it. Therefore, the most effective and appropriate treatment is to keep the victim cool.